Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can look very different depending on the person, and gender plays a huge role in how it manifests.
Historically, ADHD has been studied and diagnosed predominantly in males (of course), which means there have been a lot of misconceptions when it comes to girls and women with the condition. The thing is, understanding the differences is vital for recognising this form of neurodivergence and making sure those who have it get the support they need. Here are some of the biggest differences between male and female ADHD that you need to know.
1. Boys are more likely to exhibit hyperactivity.
In boys, ADHD often presents as physical hyperactivity—think constant fidgeting, running around, or interrupting people. That outward behaviour is easier to spot, which is why boys are more frequently diagnosed. Their hyperactivity tends to draw immediate attention from teachers and caregivers.
2. Girls are more likely to show inattentiveness.
In contrast, girls with ADHD often struggle with inattentiveness, like daydreaming, zoning out, or difficulty staying focused. These behaviours are quieter and less disruptive, which means they’re more likely to go unnoticed or be mistaken for shyness or laziness.
3. Boys tend to externalise their frustrations.
Boys with ADHD often externalise their frustrations, leading to behavioural issues like acting out, defiance, or aggression. That externalising behaviour makes their symptoms more visible and often results in earlier intervention. It’s hard to ignore a meltdown in the middle of class.
4. Girls are more likely to internalise their struggles.
Girls with ADHD often internalise their challenges, leading to feelings of anxiety, low self-esteem, or perfectionism. Instead of acting out, they might work harder to hide their difficulties, making it harder for other people to see the signs of ADHD.
5. Boys are more likely to be diagnosed earlier.
Because their symptoms are more overt, boys are often diagnosed with ADHD at a younger age, typically during primary school. The loudness of their behaviours often prompts earlier evaluations and interventions compared to girls.
6. Girls are more likely to be diagnosed later—or not at all.
Girls with ADHD often don’t get diagnosed until adolescence or adulthood, if at all. Their symptoms are frequently overlooked or misdiagnosed as anxiety or depression, delaying proper treatment and support. Having a late diagnosis often adds to their frustration and challenges.
7. Boys are more likely to receive classroom accommodations.
With earlier diagnoses, boys are more likely to have Individualised Education Plans (IEPs) or other classroom accommodations. Their needs are often recognised earlier, giving them access to tools and strategies that help them succeed academically.
8. Girls often develop stronger coping mechanisms.
Because they’re less likely to be diagnosed, girls with ADHD often develop creative coping strategies to manage their symptoms. They may rely on meticulous organisation, over-preparation, or masking behaviours to blend in, although this can lead to burnout over time.
9. Hyperfocus tends to look different in boys.
Boys with ADHD might hyperfocus on activities like video games, building projects, or sports. Their intense focus on specific interests can sometimes be mistaken for a lack of attention to anything else. It’s not that they can’t focus—it’s that they focus on what they love with laser precision.
10. Girls often hyperfocus on social dynamics.
For girls, hyperfocus might centre on social relationships, friendships, or personal interests like art or writing. They may spend hours perfecting a creative project or worrying about social interactions, which can amplify feelings of self-doubt or exclusion.
11. Boys often face disciplinary actions.
Boys with ADHD are more likely to get into trouble at school due to disruptive behaviours like talking out of turn or not following rules. These behaviours often result in negative labels like “troublemaker,” which can impact their self-esteem.
12. Girls often face judgment for being “scatterbrained.”
Girls with ADHD are more likely to be labelled as disorganised, forgetful, or “in their own world.” These subtle judgments can undermine their confidence and lead to feelings of inadequacy, especially if they’re trying hard to keep up.
13. Hormonal changes can intensify ADHD symptoms in girls.
Hormonal fluctuations during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause can amplify ADHD symptoms in females. The added layer of complexity often makes it harder for women to identify or manage their condition without professional help.
14. Both genders benefit from understanding and tailored support.
Regardless of gender, ADHD manifests differently for everyone, and understanding these variations is key to providing effective support. Tailored interventions, whether academic accommodations, therapy, or medication, can help boys and girls thrive in their own unique ways.
